Middle East crisis: Africa must prepare, not despair

Oil tankers pass through the Strait of Hormuz on December 21, 2018.

Photo credit: Reuters

On February 28, the geopolitical landscape shifted dramatically when joint US and Israeli forces launched coordinated strikes against Iran, bypassing multilateral bodies such as the UN Security Council.

Unlike the multilateral interventions of the 1990s and early 2000s, this action marks a decisive return to unilateral force by nuclear powers, raising profound questions about global governance and long-term stability.

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